Simplicity in operation, low cost, flexibility in production and small size constitute the main advantages of chemoresistive-type semiconductor chemical sensors based on metal oxides over electrochemical, optical, acoustic and other types of chemical sensors1015. Smart sensors, offering real-time analysis of gaseous chemical analytes, are essentials for environmental emissions monitoring, fossil fuel combustion control, medical diagnosis, artificial olfaction and homeland security19. Beyond the sensing performance, high transparency at visible wavelengths creates opportunities for their use in transparent electronic circuitry and optoelectronic devices with avenues for further functional convergence. Highly effective self-activation in anisotropically self-assembled nanocolumnar tungsten oxide thin films on glass substrate with indium-tin oxide electrodes enables ultrahigh response to nitrogen dioxide and volatile organic compounds with detection limits down to parts per trillion levels and power consumption less than 0.2 microwatts. Here we demonstrate structurally simple but extremely efficient all oxide chemoresistive sensors with ~90% transmittance at visible wavelengths. However, the need to implement heating elements in sensor devices, and the resulting high power consumption, remains a major obstacle for the realization of miniaturized and integrated chemoresistive thin film sensors based on metal oxides.

One of the top design priorities for semiconductor chemical sensors is developing simple, low-cost, sensitive and reliable sensors to be built in handheld devices. Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea, 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea, 3UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea, 4Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, 5Graduate School of Energy Environment Water Sustainability, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, 6Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang Institute of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, 7Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea, 8Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA, 9Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea. Tuller8, Seok-Jin Yoon1 & Ho Won Jang9Д¬orrespondence and requests for materials should be addressed to S.-J.Y. Joo Young Jung5, Seung Min Han5, Jong Kyu Kim6, Jin-Sang Kim1, Hyung-Ho Park2, Jong-Heun Lee7,

Hi Gyu Moon1,2, Young-Soek Shim1, Do Hong Kim1, Hu Young Jeong3, Myoungho Jeong4, Self-activated ultrahigh chemosensitivity of oxide thin film nanostructures for transparent sensors

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